The Document/View Architecture: Introduction to Views

	The Document/View Architecture: Introduction to Views

The Fundamentals of a View

When you create an application, you usually intend for the users to see, view, and possibly manipulate its documents. The basic process of making up a program is to create the application using a class derived from CWinApp and surrounding the program with a frame either based on CFrameWnd or from one of its derived classes. Such a basic program is mainly meant to show the “presence” of an application. To truly assist the user with files, the program should be equipped with a document. A document is not truly something a user can see. It is a representation of a file. To actually present a document to the user, you should provide an object called a view.

Introduction to the View Classes

Different applications have various ways to present their documents. To support these variances, the MFC provides different view-based classes. To lay a foundation for those classes, the MFC provides a class named CView. Although the MFC provides various view-based classes, it is likely that none of them would fit the particular functionality you want to implement. For this reason, the CView class accomplishes two purposes. Not only is it the ancestor to the other view-based classes, it is still a view in its own right and you can use it to create an application that none of the other classes can handle. For these two and other reasons, you should be quite familiar with the CView class.

Creation of a CView-Based Application

CView is an abstract class. In other words, you cannot just declare a CView variable. For example, the following code produces an error:

CView *view = new CView;

Therefore, to use CView, you must derive a class from it. What makes CView a pure abstract class is that one of its methods is declared pure. When deriving your class from CView, you must override a method named OnDraw. The syntax of the CView::OnDraw() method is:

virtual void OnDraw(CDC* pDC) = 0;

Notice that it is declared pure (= 0).

Practical Learning: Introducing View-Based Applications

If necessary, start Microsoft Visual C++. To create a new program, on the main menu, click File -> New Project…
In the Templates list, click MFC Application
Set the Name to GCS1 and click OK
In the first page of the MFC Application Wizard, click Next
In the right list, click Single Document and click Next twice
In the File Extension edit box, type gcs
In the Main Frame Caption text box, type Georgetown Cleaning Services
Click Next three times
Set the Number of Files On Recent File List to 8 and click Next
Click Finish
Click Class View and click CMainFrame

Below the list of classes, double-click PreCreateWindow and make the following changes:

int CMainFrame::OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)
{
	if (CFrameWnd::OnCreate(lpCreateStruct) == -1)
		return -1;

	. . .

	// TODO: Delete these three lines if 
	// you don't want the toolbar to be dockable
	m_wndToolBar.EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY);
	EnableDocking(CBRS_ALIGN_ANY);
	DockControlBar(&m_wndToolBar);

	CenterWindow();

	return 0;
}

BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{
	if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
		return FALSE;
	// TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying
	// the CREATESTRUCT cs
	cs.cx = 550;
	cs.cy = 630;
	cs.style &= ~FWS_ADDTOTITLE;

	return TRUE;
}

On the main menu, click Project -> Add Resource…
In the Add Resource dialog box, click Dialog and click New
Using the Properties window, change the ID of the dialog box to IDB_CLEANINGORDER_DLG
Right-click the dialog box and click Add Class…
Set the Class Name to CCleaningOrderDlg
Click Finish

Design the dialog box as follows:

Control	ID	Caption	Additional Properties
Group Box		Order Identification
Static Text		Customer Name:
Edit Control	IDC_CUSTOMERNAME
Static Text		Customer Phone:
Edit Control	IDC_CUSTOMERPHONE
Static Text		Date Left:
Date Time Picker	IDC_DATELEFT
Static Text		Time Left:
Date Time Picker	IDC_TIMELEFT
Static Text		Date Expected:
Date Time Picker	IDC_DATEEXPECTED
Static Text		Time Expected:
Date Time Picker	IDC_TIMEEXPECTED
Group Box		Order Processing
Static Text		Item Type
Static Text		Unit Price
Static Text		Qty
Static Text		Sub Total
Static Text		Shirts
Edit Control	IDC_SHIRTS_UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_SHIRTS_QTY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_SHIRTS_SUBTOTAL		Align Text: Right
Static Text		Pants
Edit Control	IDC_PANTS_UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_PANTS_QTY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_PANTS_SUBTOTAL		Align Text: Right
ComboBox	IDC_ITEM1NAME		Data: None;Women Suit;Dress;Regular Skirt;Skirt With Hook;Men 's Suit 2Pc;Men 's Suit 3Pc;Sweaters;Silk Shirt;Tie;Coat;Jacket;Swede;
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM1UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM1QUANTITY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM1SUBTOTAL		Align Text: Right
ComboBox	IDC_ITEM2NAME		Data: None;Women Suit;Dress;Regular Skirt;Skirt With Hook;Men 's Suit 2Pc;Men 's Suit 3Pc;Sweaters;Silk Shirt;Tie;Coat;Jacket;Swede;
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM2UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM2QUANTITY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM2SUBTOTAL		Align Text: Right
ComboBox	IDC_ITEM3NAME		Data: None;Women Suit;Dress;Regular Skirt;Skirt With Hook;Men 's Suit 2Pc;Men 's Suit 3Pc;Sweaters;Silk Shirt;Tie;Coat;Jacket;Swede;
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM3UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM3QUANTITY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_SUBTOTAL3		Align Text: Right
ComboBox	IDC_ITEM4NAME		Data: None;Women Suit;Dress;Regular Skirt;Skirt With Hook;Men 's Suit 2Pc;Men 's Suit 3Pc;Sweaters;Silk Shirt;Tie;Coat;Jacket;Swede;
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM4UNITPRICE		Align Text: Right
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM4QUANTITY		Align Text: Right Number: True
Edit Control	IDC_ITEM4SUBTOTAL		Align Text: Right
Group Box		Order Summary
Static Text		Cleaning Total:
Edit Control	IDC_CLEANINGTOTAL		Align Text: Right
Static Text		Tax Rate:
Edit Control	IDC_TAXRATE		Align Text: Right
Static Text		%
Static Text		Tax Amount:
Edit Control	IDC_TAXAMOUNT		Align Text: Right
Static Text		Order Price:
Edit Control	IDC_ORDERTOTAL		Align Text: Right
Button	IDOK	OK/Submit
Button	IDC_RESET	Reset
Button	IDCCANCEL	Cancel/Close

Right-click each control and click Add Variable

Add the control variables as follows:

Identifier	Value Variable
Identifier	Type	Name
IDC_CUSTOMERNAME	CString	m_CustomerName
IDC_CUSTOMERPHONE	CString	m_CustomerPhone
IDC_DATELEFT	CTime	m_DateLeft
IDC_TIMELEFT	CTime	m_TimeLeft
IDC_DATEEXPECTED	CTime	m_DateExpected
IDC_TIMEEXPECTED	CTime	m_TimeExpected
IDC_SHIRTS_UNITPRICE	double	m_ShirtsUnitPrice
IDC_SHIRTS_QTY	int	m_ShirtsQuantity
IDC_SHIRTS_SUBTOTAL	CString	m_ShirtsSubTotal
IDC_PANTS_UNITPRICE	double	m_PantsUnitPrice
IDC_PANTS_QTY	int	m_PantsQuantity
IDC_PANTS_SUBTOTAL	CString	m_PantsSubTotal
IDC_ITEM1NAME	CString	m_Item1Name
IDC_ITEM1UNITPRICE	double	m_Item1UnitPrice1
IDC_ITEM1QUANTITY	int	m_Item1Quantity1
IDC_ITEM1SUBTOTAL	CString	m_Item1SubTotal1
IDC_ITEM2NAME	CString	m_Item2Name
IDC_ITEM2UNITPRICE	double	m_Item2UnitPrice
IDC_ITEM2QUANTITY	int	m_Item2Quantity
IDC_ITEM2SUBTOTAL	CString	m_Item2SubTotal
IDC_ITEM3NAME	CString	m_Item3Name
IDC_ITEM3UNITPRICE	double	m_Item3UnitPrice
IDC_ITEM3QUANTITY	int	m_Item3Quantity
IDC_ITEM3SUBTOTAL	CString	m_Item3SubTotal
IDC_ITEM4NAME	CString	m_Item4Name
IDC_ITEM4UNITPRICE	double	m_Item4UnitPrice
IDC_ITEM4QUANTITY	int	m_Item4Quantity
IDC_ITEM4SUBTOTAL	CString	m_Item4SubTotal
IDC_CLEANINGTOTAL	CString	m_CleaningTotal
IDC_TAXRATE	double	m_TaxRate
IDC_TAXAMOUNT	CString	m_TaxAmount
IDC_ORDERTOTAL	CString	m_OrderTotal

In the Class View, double-click CCleaningOrderDlg to access the dialog box’ header file and declare a CString variable for each Date Time Picker control as follows:

#pragma once


// CCleaningOrderDlg dialog

class CCleaningOrderDlg : public CDialog
{
	DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CCleaningOrderDlg)

public:
	CCleaningOrderDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor
	virtual ~CCleaningOrderDlg();

	// Dialog Data
	enum { IDD = IDB_CLEANINGORDER_DLG };

protected:
	virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support

	DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

	CString m_CustomerName;
	CString m_CustomerPhone;

	CTime m_DateLeft;
	CTime m_TimeLeft;
	CTime m_DateExpected;
	CTime m_TimeExpected;

	CString strDateLeft;
	CString strTimeLeft;
	CString strDateExpected;
	CString strTimeExpected;

	double m_ShirtsUnitPrice;
	int m_ShirtsQuantity;
	CString m_ShirtsSubTotal;
	double m_PantsUnitPrice;

	int m_PantsQuantity;
	CString m_PantsSubTotal;
	CString m_Item1Name;

	double m_Item1UnitPrice;
	int m_Item1Quantity;
	CString m_Item1SubTotal;

	CString m_Item2Name;
	double m_Item2UnitPrice;
	int m_Item2Quantity;
	CString m_Item2SubTotal;

	CString m_Item3Name;
	double m_Item3UnitPrice;
	int m_Item3Quantity;
	CString m_Item3SubTotal;

	CString m_Item4Name;
	double m_Item4UnitPrice;
	int m_Item4Quantity;
	CString m_Item4SubTotal;

	CString m_CleaningTotal;
	double m_TaxRate;
	CString m_TaxAmount;
	CString m_OrderTotal;
};

In the Class View, click CCleaningOrderDlg and, below the list of classes, double-click CCleacningOderDlg to access its constructor and change it as follows:

CCleaningOrderDlg::CCleaningOrderDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
	: CDialog(CCleaningOrderDlg::IDD, pParent)
	, m_CustomerName(_T(""))
	, m_CustomerPhone(_T(""))
	, m_DateLeft(CTime::GetCurrentTime())
	, m_TimeLeft(CTime::GetCurrentTime())
	, m_DateExpected(CTime::GetCurrentTime())
	, m_TimeExpected(CTime::GetCurrentTime())
	, m_ShirtsUnitPrice(0.95)
	, m_ShirtsQuantity(0)
	, m_ShirtsSubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_PantsUnitPrice(1.75)
	, m_PantsQuantity(0)
	, m_PantsSubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_Item1Name(_T(""))
	, m_Item1UnitPrice(0)
	, m_Item1Quantity(0)
	, m_Item1SubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_Item2Name(_T(""))
	, m_Item2UnitPrice(0)
	, m_Item2Quantity(0)
	, m_Item2SubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_Item3Name(_T(""))
	, m_Item3UnitPrice(0)
	, m_Item3Quantity(0)
	, m_Item3SubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_Item4Name(_T(""))
	, m_Item4UnitPrice(0)
	, m_Item4Quantity(0)
	, m_Item4SubTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_CleaningTotal(_T("0.00"))
	, m_TaxRate(7.75)
	, m_TaxAmount(_T("0.00"))
	, m_OrderTotal(_T("0.00"))
{

}

In the Class View, click CCleaningOrderDlg
In the Properties window, click the Overrides button and generate the OnInitDialog event

Add the following code to it:

BOOL CCleaningOrderDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
	CDialog::OnInitDialog();

	// TODO: Add extra initialization here
	m_DateLeft.Format     = TEXT("dddd dd MMM yyyy");
	m_DateExpected.Format = TEXT("dddd dd MMM yyyy");

	return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
	// EXCEPTION: OCX Property Pages should return FALSE
}

Display the dialog box and double-click the Reset Cleaning Order button to implement it as follows:

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnBnClickedReset()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	m_CustomerName    = _T("");
	m_CustomerPhone   = _T("");
	m_DateLeft        = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
	m_TimeLeft        = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
	m_DateExpected    = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
	m_TimeExpected    = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
	m_ShirtsUnitPrice = 0.95;
	m_ShirtsQuantity  = 0;
	m_ShirtsSubTotal  = _T("0.00");
	m_PantsUnitPrice  = 1.75;
	m_PantsQuantity   = 0;
	m_PantsSubTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_Item1Name       = _T("");
	m_Item1UnitPrice  = 0;
	m_Item1Quantity   = 0;
	m_Item1SubTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_Item2Name       = _T("");
	m_Item2UnitPrice  = 0;
	m_Item2Quantity   = 0;
	m_Item2SubTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_Item3Name       = _T("");
	m_Item3UnitPrice  = 0;
	m_Item3Quantity   = 0;
	m_Item3SubTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_Item4Name       = _T("");
	m_Item4UnitPrice  = 0;
	m_Item4Quantity   = 0;
	m_Item4SubTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_CleaningTotal   = _T("0.00");
	m_TaxRate         = 7.75;
	m_TaxAmount       = _T("0.00");
	m_OrderTotal = _T("0.00");

	UpdateData(FALSE);
}

In the Class View, right-click CCleaningOrderDlg -> Add -> Add Function…
Set the Return Type to void, the Function Name to CalculateOrder, and and the Access to private

Click Finish and implement the method as follows:

void CCleaningOrderDlg::CalculateOrder(void)
{
	UpdateData();

	double subTotalShirts = m_ShirtsUnitPrice * m_ShirtsQuantity;
	m_ShirtsSubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalShirts);

	double subTotalPants = m_PantsUnitPrice * m_PantsQuantity;
	m_PantsSubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalPants);

	double subTotalItem1;
	if( (m_Item1Name == TEXT("None")) || (m_Item1Name == TEXT("")) )
		subTotalItem1 = 0;
	else
		subTotalItem1 = m_Item1UnitPrice * m_Item1Quantity;

	m_Item1SubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalItem1);

	double subTotalItem2;
	if( (m_Item2Name == TEXT("None")) || (m_Item2Name == TEXT("")) )
		subTotalItem2 = 0;
	else
		subTotalItem2 = m_Item2UnitPrice * m_Item2Quantity;

	m_Item2SubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalItem2);

	double subTotalItem3;
	if( (m_Item3Name == TEXT("None")) || (m_Item3Name == TEXT("")) )
		subTotalItem3 = 0;
	else
		subTotalItem3 = m_Item3UnitPrice * m_Item3Quantity;

	this->m_Item3SubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalItem3);

	double subTotalItem4;
	if( (m_Item4Name == TEXT("None")) || (m_Item4Name == TEXT("")) )
		subTotalItem4 = 0;
	else
		subTotalItem4 = m_Item4UnitPrice * m_Item4Quantity;

	m_Item4SubTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), subTotalItem4);

double cleaningTotal = subTotalShirts + subTotalPants + subTotalItem1 + 
		subTotalItem2 + subTotalItem3 + subTotalItem4;

	// Calculate the amount owed for the taxes
	double taxAmount = cleaningTotal * m_TaxRate / 100;
	// Add the tax amount to the cleaning total
	double netPrice = cleaningTotal + taxAmount;

	// Display the values of the order summary
	this->m_CleaningTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), cleaningTotal);
	this->m_TaxAmount.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), taxAmount);
	this->m_OrderTotal.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), netPrice);

	strDateLeft = m_DateLeft.Format(TEXT("%A %d %b %Y"));
	strTimeLeft = m_TimeLeft.Format(TEXT("%H:%M"));
	strDateExpected = m_DateExpected.Format(TEXT("%A %d %b %Y"));
	strTimeExpected = m_TimeExpected.Format(TEXT("%H:%M"));

	UpdateData(FALSE);
}

Display the dialog box and double-click the Time Left control

Implement its Chantge event as follows:

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnDtnDatetimechangeTimeleft(NMHDR *pNMHDR, 
			LRESULT *pResult)
{
    LPNMDATETIMECHANGE pDTChange = 
		reinterpret_cast<LPNMDATETIMECHANGE>(pNMHDR);
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    *pResult = 0;

    UpdateData();
    CTime dateLeft, timeLeft;

    dateLeft = m_DateLeft;
    timeLeft = m_TimeLeft;

    CTime time9AM = CTime(timeLeft.GetYear(), timeLeft.GetMonth(), 
				imeLeft.GetDay(), 9, 0, 0);

    // If the customer leaves clothes before 9AM...
    if( timeLeft <= time9AM )
    {
	// ... then they should be ready the same day after 5PM
	m_DateExpected = dateLeft;
	CTime tm5PM = CTime(dateLeft.GetYear(), 
			dateLeft.GetMonth(), dateLeft.GetDay(), 17, 0, 0);
	m_TimeExpected = tm5PM;
    }
    else
    {
	// If the clothes were left after 9AM, they will be 
	// available the following day by 8AM
	CTime tmTomorrowMorning = CTime(dateLeft.GetYear(), 
	dateLeft.GetMonth(), dateLeft.GetDay() + 1, 8, 0, 0);
	m_DateExpected = tmTomorrowMorning;
	m_TimeExpected = tmTomorrowMorning;
    }

    UpdateData(FALSE);
}

Display the dialog box and click the Shirts Qty edit control
In the Properties window, click the Contrl Events button, and generate an event for the EN_KILLFOCUS message
Return to the dialog box and generate an event for the EN_KILLFOCUS message of all Qty edit controls
Also, generate an event for the EN_KILLFOCUS message of the Tax Rate edit control

In each event, simply call the CalculateOrder method:

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusShirtsQty()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusPantsQty()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusItem1quantity()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusItem2quantity()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusItem3quantity()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusItem4quantity()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

void CCleaningOrderDlg::OnEnKillfocusTaxrate()
{
	// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
	CalculateOrder();
}

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Fundamental Implementation of a View

If you don't want to write all of your primary code manually, you can use the MFC Application wizard that would create a skeleton functional application for you: it would derive a class from CView, would override the OnDraw() event, and would perform many cosmetic initializations for you.

The basic view displays as a rectangular box with a white background delimited on all four sides by a frame, sometimes assisted by its resources such as a toolbar and/or a status bar. What you can do with this white area can be as vague or complex as you want.

When an application is launched, it first draws the frame and (some of) its resources, if any. Then, a document is invoked to prepare what to display to the user. This document is transmitted to the view that is in charge of displaying or drawing it. Before the view actually “shows” the document, you may want to prepare it. To assist you with this, the CView class is equipped with the OnInitialUpdate() method (or event). Its syntax is:

virtual void OnInitialUpdate();

As you can see, this method takes no argument. For most CView-based applications, you will hardly need to implement this event. In fact, if you create your CView-based application using the MFC Application wizard, it would not generate the OnInitialUpdate event for you. This is because it assumes that you are likely not going to need this event.

The OnInitialUpdate event is mostly useful to the CView-derived classes as we will see in other sections.

Practical Learning: Implementing a View

In the Class View, double-click the view node and declare the following variables in the header file:

// GCS1View.h : interface of the CGCS1View class
//

#pragma once

class CGCS1View : public CView
{
protected: // create from serialization only
	CGCS1View();
	DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CGCS1View)

// Attributes
public:
	CGCS1Doc* GetDocument() const;

// Operations
public:

// Overrides
public:
	virtual void OnDraw(CDC* pDC); // overridden to draw this view
	virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs);
protected:
	virtual BOOL OnPreparePrinting(CPrintInfo* pInfo);
	virtual void OnBeginPrinting(CDC* pDC, CPrintInfo* pInfo);
	virtual void OnEndPrinting(CDC* pDC, CPrintInfo* pInfo);

// Implementation
public:
	virtual ~CGCS1View();
#ifdef _DEBUG
	virtual void AssertValid() const;
	virtual void Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const;
#endif

protected:

// Generated message map functions
protected:
	DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

private:
	CString CustomerName;
	CString CustomerPhone;

	CString DateLeft;
	CString TimeLeft;
	CString DateExpected;
	CString strTimeExpected;

	CString ShirtsUnitPrice;
	CString ShirtsQuantity;
	CString ShirtsSubTotal;
	CString PantsUnitPrice;

	CString PantsQuantity;
	CString PantsSubTotal;
	CString Item1Name;

	CString Item1UnitPrice;
	CString Item1Quantity;
	CString Item1SubTotal;

	CString Item2Name;
	CString Item2UnitPrice;
	CString Item2Quantity;
	CString Item2SubTotal;

	CString Item3Name;
	CString Item3UnitPrice;
	CString Item3Quantity;
	CString Item3SubTotal;

	CString Item4Name;
	CString Item4UnitPrice;
	CString Item4Quantity;
	CString Item4SubTotal;

	CString CleaningTotal;
	CString TaxRate;
	CString TaxAmount;
	CString OrderTotal;
};

#ifndef _DEBUG // debug version in GCS1View.cpp
inline CGCS1Doc* CGCS1View::GetDocument() const
{ return reinterpret_cast<CGCS1Doc*>(m_pDocument); }
#endif

Display the IDR_MAINFRAME menu
Change the caption (but not the ID) of the first menu item under file to
&New Cleaning Order\tCtrl+N
Right-click this menu item and click Add Event Handler
In the Event Handler Wizard, make sure hat COMMAND is selected in the Message Type list. In the Class List, click the view class
Change the Function Handler Name to OnNewCleaningOrder
Click Add and Edit

In the top section of the file, include the header file of the Cleaning Order dialog box

// GCS1View.cpp : implementation of the CGCS1View class
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "GCS1.h"

#include "GCS1Doc.h"
#include "GCS1View.h"

#include "CleaningOrderDlg.h"

#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#endif

Edit the event as follows:

void CGCS1View::OnNewCleaningOrder()
{
    // TODO: Add your command handler code here
    CCleaningOrderDlg dlg;

    dlg.m_DateLeft = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
    dlg.m_TimeLeft = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
    dlg.m_DateExpected = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
    dlg.m_TimeExpected = CTime::GetCurrentTime();

    if( dlg.DoModal() == IDOK )
    {
	CustomerName = dlg.m_CustomerName;
	CustomerPhone = dlg.m_CustomerPhone;
	DateLeft = dlg.strDateLeft;
	TimeLeft = dlg.strTimeLeft;
	DateExpected = dlg.strDateExpected;
	TimeExpected = dlg.strTimeExpected;
	ShirtsUnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_ShirtsUnitPrice);
	ShirtsQuantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_ShirtsQuantity);
	ShirtsSubTotal = dlg.m_ShirtsSubTotal;
	PantsUnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_PantsUnitPrice);
	PantsQuantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_PantsQuantity);
	PantsSubTotal = dlg.m_PantsSubTotal;

	Item1Name = dlg.m_Item1Name;
	Item1UnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_Item1UnitPrice);
	Item1Quantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_Item1Quantity);
	Item1SubTotal = dlg.m_Item1SubTotal;

	Item2Name = dlg.m_Item2Name;
	Item2UnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_Item2UnitPrice);
	Item2Quantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_Item2Quantity);
	Item2SubTotal = dlg.m_Item2SubTotal;

	Item3Name = dlg.m_Item3Name;
	Item3UnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_Item3UnitPrice);
	Item3Quantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_Item3Quantity);
	Item3SubTotal = dlg.m_Item3SubTotal;

	Item4Name = dlg.m_Item4Name;
	Item4UnitPrice.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_Item4UnitPrice);
	Item4Quantity.Format(TEXT("%d"), dlg.m_Item4Quantity);
	Item4SubTotal = dlg.m_Item4SubTotal;

	CleaningTotal = dlg.m_CleaningTotal;
	TaxRate.Format(TEXT("%.2f"), dlg.m_TaxRate);
	TaxAmount = dlg.m_TaxAmount;
	OrderTotal = dlg.m_OrderTotal;

	Invalidate();
    }
}

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Drawing the View

Most of the time, a CView object is used to draw something on the document. To make this possible, the CView class is equipped with the OnDraw() and we mentioned that you must always override it.

Practical Learning: Drawing a View

In the Class View, click CGCS1View and double-click OnDraw

Change the event as follows:

void CGCS1View::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
{
	CGCS1Doc* pDoc = GetDocument();
	ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);
	if (!pDoc)
		return;

	// TODO: add draw code for native data here
	CFont fntMainTitle, fntSubTitle, 
	      fntSectTitle, fntLabel, fntResult;
	int left = 15, top = 10;
	TEXTMETRIC tm;
	CPen penLine2, penLine1;
	CBrush brsGray;

	VERIFY(fntMainTitle.CreateFont(40, 0, 0, 0, FW_BOLD,
				FALSE, FALSE, 0, ANSI_CHARSET,
				OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				DEFAULT_QUALITY,
				DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS,
				TEXT("Times New Roman")));
	CFont *fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntMainTitle);
	pDC->GetTextMetrics(&tm);

	pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));
	pDC->SetBkMode(TRANSPARENT);
	pDC->SetTextCharacterExtra(1);

	pDC->TextOut(left, top, TEXT("Georgetown Cleaning Services"));

	top = top + tm.tmHeight;

	pDC->SetTextCharacterExtra(4);
	VERIFY(fntSubTitle.CreateFont(32, 0, 0, 0, FW_BOLD,
				FALSE, FALSE, 0, ANSI_CHARSET,
				OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				DEFAULT_QUALITY,
				DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS,
				TEXT("Times New Roman")));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntSubTitle);
	pDC->TextOut(140, top, TEXT("Cleaning Order"));

	penLine2.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, RGB(0, 0, 0));
	CPen *penOld = pDC->SelectObject(&penLine2);

	pDC->MoveTo(10, tm.tmHeight + 50);
	pDC->LineTo(515, tm.tmHeight + 50);

	VERIFY(fntSectTitle.CreateFont(14, 0, 0, 0, FW_BOLD,
				FALSE, FALSE, 0, ANSI_CHARSET,
				OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				DEFAULT_QUALITY,
				DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS,
				TEXT("Verdana")));

	penLine1.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 0));
	penOld = pDC->SelectObject(&penLine1);
	pDC->Rectangle(20, 120, 520, 210);
	pDC->Rectangle(20, 230, 520, 400);
	pDC->Rectangle(20, 420, 520, 520);

	brsGray.CreateSolidBrush(RGB(128, 128, 128));
	CBrush *oldBrush = pDC->SelectObject(&brsGray);

	pDC->Rectangle(30, 110, 270, 130);
	pDC->Rectangle(30, 220, 270, 240);
	pDC->Rectangle(30, 410, 270, 430);

	pDC->SetTextCharacterExtra(0);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntSectTitle);
	pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(255, 255, 255));
	pDC->TextOut(40, 112, TEXT("Order Identification"));
	pDC->TextOut(40, 222, TEXT("Order Processing"));
	pDC->TextOut(40, 412, TEXT("Order Summary"));

	pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));
	VERIFY(fntLabel.CreateFont(16, 0, 0, 0, FW_BOLD,
				FALSE, FALSE, 0, ANSI_CHARSET,
				OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				DEFAULT_QUALITY,
				DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS,
				TEXT("Times New Roman")));
	VERIFY(fntResult.CreateFont(16, 0, 0, 0, FW_NORMAL,
				FALSE, FALSE, 0, ANSI_CHARSET,
				OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
				DEFAULT_QUALITY,
				DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS,
				TEXT("Times New Roman")));

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(40, 140, TEXT("Customer Name: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(150, 140, this->CustomerName);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 140, TEXT("Customer Phone: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 140, this->CustomerPhone);

	pDC->MoveTo(30, 155);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 155);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(40, 160, TEXT("Date Left: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(150, 160, this->DateLeft);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 160, TEXT("Time Left: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 160, this->TimeLeft);

	pDC->MoveTo(30, 175);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 175);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(40, 180, TEXT("Date Expected: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(150, 180, this->DateExpected);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 180, TEXT("Time Expected: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 180, this->TimeExpected);

	pDC->MoveTo(30, 195);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 195);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 250, TEXT("Item Type"));
	pDC->TextOut(320, 250, TEXT("Unit Price"));
	pDC->TextOut(400, 250, TEXT("Qty"));
	pDC->TextOut(445, 250, TEXT("Sub-Total"));

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 265);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 265);

	pDC->TextOut( 40, 270, TEXT("Shirts"));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 270, ShirtsUnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 270, ShirtsQuantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 270, ShirtsSubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 285);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 285);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 290, TEXT("Pants"));
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 290, PantsUnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 290, PantsQuantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 290, PantsSubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 305);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 305);

	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 310, Item1Name);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 310, Item1UnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 310, Item1Quantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 310, Item1SubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo(30, 325);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 325);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 330, Item2Name);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 330, Item2UnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 330, Item2Quantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 330, Item2SubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 345);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 345);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 350, Item3Name);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 350, Item3UnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 350, Item3Quantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 350, Item3SubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 365);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 365);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut( 40, 370, Item4Name);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(365, 370, Item4UnitPrice);
	pDC->TextOut(420, 370, Item4Quantity);
	pDC->TextOut(495, 370, Item4SubTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo( 30, 385);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 385);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 430, TEXT("Cleaning Total: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(470, 430, CleaningTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo(290, 445);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 445);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 450, TEXT("Tax Rate: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(470, 450, TaxRate + TEXT(" %"));

	pDC->MoveTo(290, 465);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 465);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 470, TEXT("Tax Amount: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(470, 470, TaxAmount);

	pDC->MoveTo(290, 485);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 485);

	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_LEFT);
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntLabel);
	pDC->TextOut(300, 490, TEXT("Order Total: "));
	fntDefault = pDC->SelectObject(&fntResult);
	pDC->SetTextAlign(TA_RIGHT);
	pDC->TextOut(470, 490, OrderTotal);

	pDC->MoveTo(290, 505);
	pDC->LineTo(510, 505);

	pDC->SelectObject(fntDefault);
	pDC->SelectObject(penOld);
}

Execute the application and try processing an order by clicking File -> New Cleaning Order
After creating an order, click OK
Close the application


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